隨著氣力輸送技術的快速發展，氣力輸送在各個行業中的應用越來越廣泛。然而，在氣力輸送過程中，堵塞事故是一種非常常見的問題。堵塞會造成生產停滯，影響生產效率。為了實現氣力輸送的、穩定、可靠的運行，必須采取適當的防護措施。本文將深入探討氣力輸送堵塞事故防護設施。

With the rapid development of pneumatic conveying technology, the application of pneumatic conveying in various industries is becoming increasingly widespread. However, blockage accidents are a very common problem during pneumatic conveying. Blockage can cause production stagnation and affect production efficiency. In order to achieve efficient, stable, and reliable operation of pneumatic conveying, appropriate protective measures must be taken. This article will delve into the protective facilities for pneumatic conveying blockage accidents.

01氣力輸送堵塞的原因

01 Reasons for pneumatic conveying blockage

物料本身的特性

The characteristics of the material itself

如粘性大、潮濕、易結塊等，這些特性會使物料在輸送過程中發生卡塞，從而導致堵塞。

Features such as high viscosity, moisture, and tendency to clump can cause material to jam during transportation, leading to blockage.

運輸形式的不適宜

Inappropriate transportation form

物料在輸送過程中若過于高速、過于密度大、太多彎頭轉彎、過長輸送距離、物料輸送通道變窄等，都會造成氣力輸送堵塞事故。

If the material is transported at too high speed, with too high density, too many bends, too long conveying distance, or the material conveying channel becomes narrow, it can all cause pneumatic conveying blockage accidents.

氣力源問題

Air source issue

氣力輸送是通過氣壓來輸送物料，所以氣源的穩定性和充分性會直接影響氣力輸送的穩定性，如氣壓不足、漏氣等問題，都會導致氣力輸送堵塞事故。

Pneumatic conveying uses air pressure to transport materials, so the stability and adequacy of the air source directly affect the stability of pneumatic conveying. Problems such as insufficient air pressure and leakage can lead to pneumatic conveying blockage accidents.

02氣力輸送堵塞事故的防護設施

02 Protective facilities for pneumatic conveying blockage accidents

反吹裝置

Blowback device

反吹裝置是氣力輸送系統非常重要的一個裝置，是預防氣力輸送堵塞的一種有效手段。反吹裝置通常是安裝在輸送管道的下游，通過高壓氣體吹洗的方式清理管道內的物料，避免物料堵塞。反吹裝置的使用可以有效地減少氣力輸送過程中的堵塞事故發生。

The blowback device is a very important device in the pneumatic conveying system and an effective means of preventing blockages in pneumatic conveying. The reverse blowing device is usually installed downstream of the conveying pipeline, and the material inside the pipeline is cleaned by high-pressure gas blowing to avoid material blockage. The use of anti blowing devices can effectively reduce the occurrence of blockage accidents during pneumatic conveying.

物料控制裝置

Material control device

物料控制裝置是預防氣力輸送堵塞必不可少的裝置之一。這種裝置通常是安裝在管道內的特定位置，并通過開關控制物料的運動。通過合理的安裝位置和控制機制，物料控制裝置可以有效地控制物料在氣力輸送過程中的運動軌跡，避免物料在輸送過程中發生卡塞接著導致堵塞事故的發生。

The material control device is one of the essential devices to prevent blockages in pneumatic conveying. This type of device is usually installed at a specific location inside the pipeline and controls the movement of materials through a switch. Through reasonable installation positions and control mechanisms, the material control device can effectively control the movement trajectory of materials during pneumatic conveying, avoiding the occurrence of blockage accidents caused by material jamming during the conveying process.

檢測監控裝置

Detection and monitoring device

檢測監控裝置是氣力輸送堵塞事故防護的輔助裝置，可以通過實時監控物料的運動情況，以及氣源的穩定性等參數，預測并預防氣力輸送堵塞事故的發生。常用的檢測監控裝置有物位傳感器、壓力傳感器等。

The detection and monitoring device is an auxiliary device for preventing pneumatic conveying blockage accidents. It can predict and prevent the occurrence of pneumatic conveying blockage accidents by monitoring the movement of materials and the stability of the gas source in real time. Common detection and monitoring devices include level sensors, pressure sensors, etc.

排滯方式

Exclusion method

排滯方式是一種在氣力輸送發生堵塞事故時，進行處理的方式。一般常見的排滯方式有機械排堵和氣力排堵。機械排堵需要停機，常用于修復管道損壞等情況；而氣力排堵則通過向堵塞處噴射高壓氣體的方式，讓物料重新流動并流出。氣力排堵方式不需要停機，可以提升氣力輸送的連續性和效率。

The elimination method is a way to deal with blockage accidents in pneumatic conveying. The common methods of blockage removal include mechanical blockage removal and pneumatic blockage removal. Mechanical blockage removal requires shutdown and is commonly used to repair pipeline damage and other situations; Pneumatic blockage removal involves injecting high-pressure gas into the blockage area to allow the material to flow again and flow out. The pneumatic blockage removal method does not require a shutdown and can improve the continuity and efficiency of pneumatic conveying.

03氣力輸送堵塞事故的方法

03 Solution to pneumatic conveying blockage accident

通風冷卻

Ventilation cooling

物料溫度過高時，容易導致物料在輸送過程中發生卡塞而堵塞。如果發現物料溫度過高，可以通過通風冷卻的方式來降低物料溫度，避免物料發生卡塞。

When the temperature of the material is too high, it is easy to cause jamming and blockage of the material during transportation. If the temperature of the material is found to be too high, ventilation and cooling can be used to reduce the temperature of the material and prevent it from getting stuck.

增加氣源壓力

Increase air source pressure

當發現氣壓不足，可能會導致氣力輸送堵塞事故，因此需要增加氣源壓力，以便物料順利流動。在增加氣源壓力時，需要注意控制好壓力大小，避免壓力過大造成其他問題。

When insufficient air pressure is found, it may lead to pneumatic conveying blockage accidents, so it is necessary to increase the air source pressure to facilitate the smooth flow of materials. When increasing the pressure of the gas source, it is necessary to pay attention to controlling the pressure to avoid other problems caused by excessive pressure.

處理粘稠物料

Handling viscous materials

粘稠物料容易在管道內產生黏附，導致卡塞、粘連等問題，從而導致堵塞。可以通過加熱、稀釋等方式來改變物料的特性，減少物料在管道內的黏附。

Viscous materials are prone to sticking inside the pipeline, causing problems such as jamming and adhesion, leading to blockage. The characteristics of the material can be changed through heating, dilution, and other methods to reduce the adhesion of the material in the pipeline.

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