氣力輸送系統可以選配某些工藝。因此，為了更好地發揮各自的作用，終提高輸送效率，各種氣力輸送設備的應用參數要共同考慮，以便后期它們能密切的合作。一方面，送風設計應盡量滿足工藝要求；另一方面，工藝安排也應考慮空氣供應的合理性，并進行必要的調整。因此，在設計工藝流程時，應結合具體情況，盡量采用的技術和設備。在保證成品質量的前提下，簡化工藝，防止循環。優先選用生產效率高、功能多的組合設備，減少設備數量、吊裝次數和物料總吊裝量，這是降低送風能耗的基礎

Pneumatic conveying systems can be equipped with certain processes. Therefore, in order to better play their respective roles and ultimately improve conveying efficiency, the application parameters of various pneumatic conveying equipment should be considered together so that they can work closely together in the later stage. On the one hand, the air supply design should try to meet the process requirements as much as possible; On the other hand, the process arrangement should also consider the rationality of air supply and make necessary adjustments. Therefore, when designing the process flow, advanced technology and equipment should be adopted as much as possible based on specific circumstances. Simplify the process and prevent cycles while ensuring the quality of the finished product. Prioritize the use of combination equipment with high production efficiency and multiple functions, reduce the number of equipment, lifting frequency, and total material lifting volume, which is the basis for reducing air supply energy consumption

此外，為確保氣流的連續性和穩定性，輔助流和支流應均勻合并。盡可能考慮氣流的綜合利用，使氣流在輸送物料時能完成除塵、除雜、分級、混合、加熱或冷卻等部分功能，實現一風多用。設備布置要求整齊緊湊，不妨礙操作，有利于縮短吊裝高度。盡量避免進料管彎曲 必須將卸料裝置放置在廠房的位置，給料機放置在底層的位置，以充分利用這一空間高度，依靠物料的氣流輸送，分層布置工藝設備，這是減少吊裝次數的重要措施之一，同時，為了縮短連接管道，氣力輸送風機應布置在給料機附近，除塵器布置在車間。

In addition, to ensure the continuity and stability of the airflow, the auxiliary flow and tributaries should be uniformly merged. Consider the comprehensive utilization of airflow as much as possible, so that the airflow can complete functions such as dust removal, impurity removal, classification, mixing, heating or cooling when conveying materials, achieving multi-purpose use of one air. The equipment layout should be neat and compact, not hinder operation, and be conducive to shortening the lifting height. To avoid bending of the feed pipe as much as possible, the discharge device must be placed at the highest position on the top floor of the factory building, and the feeder should be placed at the lowest position on the bottom floor to fully utilize this space height. By relying on the airflow of materials for transportation and arranging process equipment in layers, this is one of the important measures to reduce the number of lifting times. At the same time, in order to shorten the connecting pipeline, the pneumatic conveying fan should be arranged near the feeder, and the dust collector should be arranged on the top floor of the workshop.

氣力輸送系統的設計計算任務，是設計并確定系統與設備的組合形式每個輸送管道和空氣輸送設備的規格和尺寸根據規定的條件。計算所需的風量和壓力損失， 因此正確的選擇合適的風機和電機，以確保系統能夠經濟可靠地工作。輸送能力、輸送風速和輸送濃度（固氣比）是計算空氣輸送系統的主要參數。這些參數對系統中每個設備的大小、整個系統所需的功率以及系統的穩定性和可靠性起著決定性的作用。因此，正確、合理地確定這些參數對于氣力輸送有效、經濟地工作非常重要。

The design and calculation task of pneumatic conveying system is to design and determine the combination form of system and equipment, and the specifications and dimensions of each conveying pipeline and air conveying equipment according to the specified conditions. Calculate the required air volume and pressure loss, so choose the appropriate fan and motor correctly to ensure that the system can work economically and reliably. The conveying capacity, conveying wind speed, and conveying concentration (solid gas ratio) are the main parameters for calculating the air conveying system. These parameters play a decisive role in the size of each device in the system, the power required for the entire system, and the stability and reliability of the system. Therefore, accurately and reasonably determining these parameters is crucial for the effective and economical operation of pneumatic conveying.

1.輸送能力的確定

1. Determination of conveying capacity

氣力輸送能力通常在工藝中設定。但是，作為氣力輸送系統計算基礎的計算輸送量應為輸送管道在正常運行中可能遇到的物料量，因此應考慮一定的儲備的輸送量。設計輸送能力，根據工藝流量平衡表或其他要求確定。如有必要，應測量精度。儲備系數，該系數應考慮可能引起流量變化的因素，如原材料質量的變化、含水量水平、操作指標的變化等。氣力輸送儲備系數應根據具體情況確定。如果僅僅為了運輸而不適當地增加，將導致設備的增加和電力的浪費。此外，由于計算結果與實際生產情況不符，會帶來操作困難和容易發生故障。

The pneumatic conveying capacity is usually set in the process. However, as the basis for calculating the pneumatic conveying system, the calculated conveying volume should be the maximum amount of material that the conveying pipeline may encounter during normal operation, so a certain reserve conveying volume should be considered. Design the conveying capacity based on the process flow balance sheet or other requirements. If necessary, the accuracy should be measured. Reserve coefficient, which should consider factors that may cause changes in flow rate, such as changes in raw material quality, moisture content levels, and changes in operating indicators. The reserve coefficient of pneumatic conveying should be determined according to specific circumstances. If the increase is not appropriate solely for transportation safety, it will lead to an increase in equipment and waste of electricity. In addition, due to the discrepancy between the calculated results and the actual production situation, it may cause operational difficulties and be prone to malfunctions.

2.輸送風速的確定

2. Determination of conveying wind speed

輸送管內的風速，必須確保物料能夠可靠輸送，并考慮工作的經濟性。風速太高，耗電太大。功耗幾乎與風速的三次方成正比。風速太低，對物料輸送能力變化的適應能力小，工作不穩定，容易堵塞或掉落物料。因此，在保證氣力輸送輸送穩定性和可靠性的前提下，應盡量采用較低的風速。一般情況下，當物料的比重和顆粒較大，輸送濃度較高，或管道彎曲水平運輸時，所需風速應取較大值，否則取較小值。

The wind speed inside the conveying pipe must ensure the reliable transportation of materials and consider the economic efficiency of the work. The wind speed is too high and the power consumption is too high. Power consumption is almost proportional to the third power of wind speed. The wind speed is too low, the adaptability to changes in material conveying capacity is small, the work is unstable, and it is easy to block or drop materials. Therefore, while ensuring the stability and reliability of pneumatic conveying, lower wind speeds should be used as much as possible. In general, when the specific gravity and particle size of the material are large, the conveying concentration is high, or when the pipeline is bent for horizontal transportation, the required wind speed should be taken as the larger value, otherwise the smaller value should be taken.

3.輸送濃度的測定

3. Determination of transport concentration

氣力輸送輸送濃度，指輸送管道中輸送的物料量與空氣量的比值，或固氣比或濃度比，即每千克空氣可輸送的物料千克數。輸送一定量的物料需要一定量的壓縮空氣，這會消耗電力。如果壓縮空氣較少，則可降低功耗。同時，在少用空氣的情況下，還可以減少整個氣力輸送的管道、卸料機、除塵器和風機。這樣可以節省原材料消耗和投資成本，這是高輸送濃度的有利方面，并不是輸送的固氣比越大越好，是必須控制在適當的范圍內。如果固氣比或濃度較高，輸送壓力損失會增加，操作困難，容易造成堵塞和管道振動。此外，考慮到空氣有時具有通風和空氣分離的任務，必須保證一定的風量。因此，過分追求高濃度和高固氣比并不總是合適的。濃度與系統的風量和壓力損失直接相關。在選擇輸送固氣比時，還應考慮此時風量和阻力是否與風機的風量和風量相適應，即風機能否工作。否則，盡管濃度很高，但風機不能在率下工作，功耗也不一定會降低。

The concentration of pneumatic conveying refers to the ratio of the amount of material conveyed in the conveying pipeline to the amount of air, or the solid gas ratio or concentration ratio, which is the number of kilograms of material that can be conveyed per kilogram of air. Transporting a certain amount of material requires a certain amount of compressed air, which consumes electricity. If there is less compressed air, power consumption can be reduced. At the same time, by using less air, the entire pneumatic conveying pipeline, unloader, dust collector, and fan can be reduced. This can save raw material consumption and investment costs, which is a beneficial aspect of high transport concentration. It is not necessarily better to transport with a larger solid gas ratio, but must be controlled within an appropriate range. If the solid gas ratio or concentration is high, the pressure loss during transportation will increase, making it difficult to operate and prone to blockage and pipeline vibration. In addition, considering that air sometimes has the task of ventilation and air separation, a certain amount of air volume must be ensured. Therefore, excessive pursuit of high concentration and high solid to gas ratio is not always appropriate. The concentration is directly related to the air volume and pressure loss of the system. When selecting the solid to gas ratio for conveying, consideration should also be given to whether the air volume and resistance at this time are suitable for the air volume and air volume of the fan, that is, whether the fan can work efficiently. Otherwise, despite the high concentration, the fan cannot operate at high efficiency and power consumption may not necessarily decrease.

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