Development and application of negative pressure pneumatic conveying

氣力輸送應用已有一百多年的歷史。六十年代以來，隨著各生產部門的工藝流程中散狀物料流化操作的比例不斷增加，并迅速朝綜合機械化和自動化方向發展，氣力輸送技術也獲得很大發展。目前它已廣泛地應用于農業輕工業的食品煙草釀造紡織木材加工行業重工業中的鑄造化工橡膠石油礦山等部門；交通運輸業中的港口車站和倉庫的裝卸以及建筑等生產部門的有運輸環節和工藝操作過程中。

The application of pneumatic conveying has a history of over a hundred years. Since the 1960s, with the increasing proportion of bulk material fluidization operations in various production departments' process flows and rapid development towards comprehensive mechanization and automation, pneumatic conveying technology has also achieved great development. At present, it has been widely used in agriculture, light industry, food, tobacco, brewing, textile, wood processing, heavy industry, casting, chemical engineering, rubber, petroleum, mining, and other departments; In the transportation industry, the loading and unloading of port stations and warehouses, as well as the transportation and process operations of production departments such as construction, are involved.

二負壓氣力輸送系統工作原理

Working principle of the two negative pressure pneumatic conveying system

在氣力輸送網絡中，風機工作時，風機的進口段管道形成負壓，出口段管道形成正壓，物料被風機從進口段管道吸入，并在進口段管道中隨著帶有一定負壓速度的氣流輸送達到指定地方，這種方法就是負壓氣力輸送。

In the pneumatic conveying network, when the fan is working, negative pressure is formed in the inlet section of the fan, and positive pressure is formed in the outlet section of the fan. The material is sucked in by the fan from the inlet section of the pipeline and transported to the designated location with a certain negative pressure velocity in the inlet section of the pipeline. This method is called negative pressure pneumatic conveying.

三負壓氣力輸送的特點

Characteristics of three negative pressure pneumatic conveying

負壓氣力輸送物料量大，輸送距離遠，輸送物料線路不受地形限制。與傳統提升機皮帶輸送機正壓輸送方式相比，負壓輸送的物料不外揚，輸送的物料。因此，負壓氣力輸送方式現在廣泛應用于糧食，化工，建材等行業的粉料輸送中。

Negative pressure pneumatic conveying has a large amount of materials, a long conveying distance, and the conveying route is not limited by the terrain. Compared with the traditional positive pressure conveying method of the elevator belt conveyor, the negative pressure conveying material does not lift outward, and the conveyed material is safe and environmentally friendly. Therefore, the negative pressure pneumatic conveying method is now widely used in powder conveying in industries such as grain, chemical, and building materials.

在輸送過程中可同時進行混合分級粉碎烘干造粒等，也可以進行某些化學反應。

During the transportation process, mixing, grading, crushing, drying, and granulation can be carried out simultaneously, as well as certain chemical reactions.

對不穩定的化學物品可用惰性氣體輸送，可靠。

Inert gas can be used to transport unstable chemicals, ensuring safety and reliability.

設備簡單結構緊湊工藝布置靈活占用面積小。選擇輸送路線容易。

The equipment is simple, structurally compact, and the process layout is flexible, occupying a small area. Choosing a conveying route is easy.

易于對整個系統實現控制和自動化。

Easy to control and automate the entire system.

四負壓氣力輸送的設計及計算

Design and calculation of four negative pressure pneumatic conveying

負壓氣力輸送的設計計算時需要買方提供輸送物料的產量，物料的特性即物料的比重，溫度，濕度，粒度和散落性等，物料的輸送距離和路線。供應方根據需求方提供的資料設計風網網絡圖，計算風網各參數。根據計算參數選擇旋風除塵器，風機，脈沖袋式除塵器的型號。

When designing and calculating negative pressure pneumatic conveying, the buyer needs to provide the maximum output of the conveyed material, the characteristics of the material, such as its specific gravity, temperature, humidity, particle size, and dispersibility, as well as the conveying distance and route of the material. The supplier designs the air network diagram and calculates the parameters of the air network based on the information provided by the demand party. Select the models of cyclone dust collector, fan, and pulse bag filter based on the calculation parameters.

五負壓氣力輸送與正壓氣力輸送的比較

Comparison between five negative pressure pneumatic conveying and positive pressure pneumatic conveying

負壓氣力輸送一般采用大風量，中風壓，風壓一般在10000Pa左右，物料運行處于負壓狀態，物料在下料處與管道運行中不外揚，可以保持良好的生產連續性。因此，對生產環境不會造成污染，生產效率較高。正壓氣力輸送一般采用小風量，高風壓，風壓一般在50000Pa左右，物料運行處于正壓狀態，物料在接料處和管道運行中容易外泄。因此，對生產環境容易造成污染。需要作進一步除塵處理。

Negative pressure pneumatic conveying generally adopts high air volume, medium air pressure, and air pressure generally around 10000Pa. The material is in a negative pressure state during operation, and the material does not lift outward at the feeding point and pipeline operation, which can maintain good production continuity. Therefore, it will not cause pollution to the production environment and has high production efficiency. Positive pressure pneumatic conveying generally adopts small air volume and high air pressure, with a wind pressure of around 50000 Pa. The material is in a positive pressure state during operation, and it is easy to leak out during material connection and pipeline operation. Therefore, it is easy to cause pollution to the production environment. Further dust removal treatment is required.

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