負壓氣力輸送設備的構成以及如何使用

The composition of negative pressure pneumatic conveying equipment and how to use it

　　負壓氣力輸送設備通常由物料輸送閥、進氣止回閥、輸送管道及閥門、灰氣別離設備、貯灰庫及輔佐設備、負壓風機和操控設備等構成。物料輸送閥又稱E形閥，作為受料器的輸送閥是負壓設備的關鍵設備之一，其作用是經過物料輸送閥上的補氣閥和灰量調理設備的作業，使灰斗內的灰與空氣均勻混合，灰氣混合物具有杰出的流動性，可使其順暢進入輸送管道，以確保輸送設備、曉暢地運轉。物料輸送選用氣支操控，其閥體和閥具有杰出的耐磨性。

Negative pressure pneumatic conveying equipment usually consists of material conveying valves, intake check valves, conveying pipelines and valves, ash separation equipment, ash storage warehouses and auxiliary equipment, negative pressure fans and control equipment, etc. The material conveying valve, also known as the E-shaped valve, is one of the key equipment of negative pressure equipment as the conveying valve of the material receiver. Its function is to pass through the air replenishment valve on the material conveying valve and the operation of the ash volume adjustment equipment, so that the ash in the ash hopper is evenly mixed with the air. The ash air mixture has excellent fluidity, which can smoothly enter the conveying pipeline to ensure the efficient and smooth operation of the conveying equipment. The material transportation adopts pneumatic control, and its valve body and valve have outstanding wear resistance.

　　進氣止回閥選用旋啟式構造，當輸送管道內濃度過高造成輸送支管進氣端真空值過高時，進氣止回閥主動打開，補人適當的空氣以稀釋過高的物料濃度，以避免堵管的發作。

The intake check valve adopts a rotary structure. When the concentration in the conveying pipeline is too high, causing the vacuum value at the inlet end of the conveying branch to be too high, the intake check valve actively opens, and appropriate air is added to dilute the excessive material concentration to avoid pipe blockage.

　　負壓氣力輸送系統指利用壓風機（真空泵）產生系統負壓，將在受料器處與空氣均勻混合的粉粒狀物料通過管道抽送貯料裝置的輸送系統，主要用于燃煤電廠的灰處理系統，又稱負壓氣力除灰系統，為國外引進技術，其系統設計技術已為國內除灰系統設計人員完全掌握。

The negative pressure pneumatic conveying system refers to a conveying system that uses a pressure fan (vacuum pump) to generate negative pressure in the system, and uniformly mixes powdered materials with air at the feeding device through pipelines to be transported to the storage device. It is mainly used in the ash treatment system of coal-fired power plants, also known as the negative pressure pneumatic ash removal system. It is a technology imported from abroad, and its system design technology has been fully mastered by domestic ash removal system designers.

　　負壓氣力輸送系統投資少，可以進行多點上料、下料，要求料斗下部的凈空較小，適用于300MW及以下火電機組的除灰系統，且由于設備和管路在真空狀態下只能發生內泄漏，因而環境比較清潔。缺點是由于負壓值有限，因而輸送距離較短，一般輸送的幾何距離為200m，實際工程宜按≤150m設計；單個系統的出力一般40t/h的（粉煤灰）。因為負壓氣力輸送設備選擇了較高的管內流速，且管道又不太長，故管道通常選用耐磨合金材料。通常一個負壓輸送設備用一根輸送管，每個電場的灰斗構成一條支線，經過的切換閥門與主管相連。切換閥門通常選用專用的阻隔滑閥。

The negative pressure pneumatic conveying system has low investment and can be used for multi-point feeding and discharging. It requires a small clearance at the bottom of the hopper and is suitable for the ash removal system of 300MW and below thermal power units. Moreover, due to the fact that equipment and pipelines can only leak internally under vacuum, the environment is relatively clean. The disadvantage is that due to the limited negative pressure value, the conveying distance is relatively short. Generally, the geometric distance for conveying is 200m, and in actual engineering, it is recommended to design it as ≤ 150m; The output of a single system is generally 40t/h (fly ash). Because the negative pressure pneumatic conveying equipment chooses a higher flow rate inside the pipeline and the pipeline is not too long, wear-resistant alloy materials are usually used for the pipeline. Usually, a negative pressure conveying equipment uses a conveying pipe, and the ash hopper of each electric field forms a branch line, which is connected to the main pipe through a switching valve. Switching valves usually uses specialized blocking slide valves.

　　負壓設備的受料設備為料庫或中轉站。庫頂裝有灰氣別離設備、料位計和維護料庫不受過高背壓功真空破壞的真空壓力開釋閥;庫內設有氣化斜槽，以使庫內物料能順暢卸出;庫底通常按工程需要設有不一樣方式的卸料設備。灰庫氣化風機、加熱器及卸料操控設備一般也安置在庫底。

The receiving equipment for negative pressure equipment is the material warehouse or transfer station. The top of the warehouse is equipped with ash separation equipment, level gauges, and a vacuum pressure release valve to maintain the material warehouse from high back pressure and vacuum damage; There is a gasification chute inside the warehouse to ensure smooth discharge of materials; The bottom of the warehouse is usually equipped with unloading equipment in different ways according to engineering needs. The gasification fan, heater, and unloading control equipment for the ash silo are generally installed at the bottom of the silo.

　　負壓氣力輸送設備所用的除塵設備，通常由旋風除塵器和布袋除塵器構成。旋風除塵器選用雙門室構造，布袋除塵器底部用負壓鎖氣閥與灰庫銜接，以阻隔管道負壓與庫內常壓，確保輸送和灰庫的。旋風除塵器作為一級別離設備，除塵器功率>70%，二級布袋除塵器的功率在>99%以上，這二個設備均按壓力容器制作。經二級除塵后的潔凈空氣經過負壓風機排入大氣。此外，灰庫上還另設有排氣布袋除塵器，用于處理庫內氣化空氣等含塵氣體處理后的潔凈空氣直接排入大氣。依據粉煤灰的物理、化學特性，布袋除塵器均宜選用脈沖反吹式，反吹空氣的露點溫度宜為-23到-40℃。

The dust removal equipment used in negative pressure pneumatic conveying equipment usually consists of cyclone dust collectors and bag dust collectors. The cyclone dust collector adopts a double door chamber structure, and the bottom of the bag dust collector is connected to the ash storage by a negative pressure lock valve to block the negative pressure of the pipeline and the normal pressure inside the storage, ensuring the safety of transportation and ash storage. As a primary separation equipment, the cyclone dust collector has a power of over 70%, and the power of the secondary bag dust collector is over 99%. Both devices are made of pressure vessels. The clean air after secondary dust removal is discharged into the atmosphere through a negative pressure fan. In addition, there is also an exhaust bag filter installed on the ash silo, which is used to treat clean air containing dust such as gasification air in the silo and directly discharge it into the atmosphere. Based on the physical and chemical properties of fly ash, pulse back blowing is recommended for bag filters, and the dew point temperature of the back blowing air should be between -23 to -40 ℃.

　　負壓氣力輸送設備的氣源由擔任壓風機或真空供給，通常請求擔任壓在-0.6Mpa以下，因為經過風機的氣流中難免有一定量的塵料，因而請求負壓風機過流轉道上的零件應耐磨蝕，密封件防塵效果杰出。負壓風機通常安置在灰為庫鄰近。

The air source of the negative pressure pneumatic conveying equipment is supplied by a pressure fan or vacuum, usually requiring a pressure below -0.6Mpa, because there is inevitably a certain amount of dust in the airflow passing through the fan. Therefore, it is requested that the parts on the flow passage of the negative pressure fan should be wear-resistant, and the sealing element should have excellent dust prevention effect. Negative pressure fans are usually installed near the ash storage area.

　　負壓氣力輸送設備的操控通常選用PLC程控，可選用模似或CRT顯現，上位機進行數據處理，全主動運轉，信號的輸出、處理、聯網均很便利。

The control of negative pressure pneumatic conveying equipment is usually controlled by PLC program, which can be displayed in analog or CRT mode. The upper computer performs data processing and operates actively. The output, processing, and networking of signals are very convenient.

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